Monday, April 1, 2013

Chapter 10: E-Commerce: Digital Markets, Digital Goods


Summary:


The Internet and the World Wide Web has given birth to a new form of commerce, E-Commerce. Since 2010, the percentage of all retail sales in the United States transacted through E-Commerce has grown 12 percent annually. E-Commerce is the digitally enabled commercial transactions that take place over the WWW and the Internet. E-commerce is unique from other forms of commerce because it supports a “marketspace” that is generally available to everyone…all the time. It is cheaper for the customer, for the sole reason that they do not have to spend money on gasoline to physically drive or walk to a store location to buy goods. It eliminates the need for companies to find and pay for shelf space from retailers, and also equalizes the asymmetry of information in the market. Digital goods such as music and software, probably the most popular goods that can be purchased through E-Commerce, can be delivered almost instantaneously over a digital network, eliminating shipping costs.

There are three main ways to classify E-Commerce transactions:  Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Business-to-Business (B2B), and Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C). An example of C2C transactions is the use of EBAY, the online auction site, where people sell their goods to other end-users. Websites use different models to create revenue. These include the advertising, sales, subscription, transaction fee, and affiliate revenue models. All of these are explained in depth in the chapter, but to utilize the EBay example again, they use the transaction fee model by charging the seller a small fee for every successful transaction.

The Internet has transformed the way that marketers identify and communicate with customers. Utilizing the “wisdom of crowds”, where large numbers of people make better decisions than a small group or single individual, organizations are able to connect to their customers on a level unheard of through traditional commerce and ultimately increase customer lifetime value.

B2B E-Commerce represents a large portion of the marketplace, projected to be about $5.1 trillion in 2014 in the United States. B2B transactions are inherently costly and laborious, with some firms estimating that, on average, they spend at least $100 in overheard per purchase order. In contrast, B2B E-Commerce transactions enable companies to locate suppliers, place orders, and track shipments almost cost free and in real-time. This is all usually accomplished through a Private Industrial Network, illustrated below. 


Even newer than E-Commerce is the ubiquitous M-Commerce. This is commerce that takes place on mobile digital platforms, such as IPads, IPhones, and BlackBerrys. The primary focus of these has been based upon location-finding services, utilizing a platforms built-in GPS and compass. Uses include finding nearby hotels, receiving real-time information about weather and traffic, and providing personalized marketing based upon an individuals’ geographical location. Today, M-Commerce platforms can handle almost any type of transaction that other E-Commerce systems can process.

So, do any of these advantages make you want to start your own E-Commerce based website? If so, understand that there are two very important challenges to being successful: 1) developing a clear understanding of your objectives, and 2) choosing the correct technology to meet those objectives. Finally, an alternative could be to outsource your needs and wishes to a professional website builder who is very knowledgeable in constructing E-Commerce sites.


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